»The Shift of the Party Role and its Incorporation into the Code of Civil Procedure in the Context of the Model Declaratory Action and the Directive on Representative Actions«: The German civil process is intended as a procedure between two parties to enforce their individual rights. In contrast, the model declaratory action and the redress action under the directive on representative actions lead to an increase in the bundled enforcement of rights by a third party unrelated to the individual rights. The study analyses the potential for friction arising from the integration of these types of action into a procedural system designed for a two-person relationship.
