Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers:* Phase diagrams and alloy development* Effect of minor alloying additions* Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements* Mechanical issues affecting reliability* Reliability under impact loading* Thermomechanical fatigue* Chemical issues affecting reliability* Whisker growth* Electromigration* ThermomigrationPresenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.
